Visual Screen Indicator

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and method for viewing electronic documents. Briefly described, one embodiment of the system, among others, includes an electronic viewer application to display contents of an electronic document; and a visual indicator logic configured to display at least one visual indicator on the electronic display, each visual indicator indicating a portion of the contents that are to be subsequently displayed on the electronic display in response to a navigation command. Other systems and methods are also provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of copending U.S. utility applicationentitled, “Visual Screen Indicator,” having Ser. No. 11/264,459, filedNov. 1, 2005, which is entirely incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure is generally related to electronic documents and,more particularly, is related to the viewing of electronic documents.

BACKGROUND

An electronic document is often provided by an author, distributor orpublisher (referred to as “publisher” herein) who often desires that thedocument be viewed with the appearance with which it was created. This,however, creates a problem in that electronic documents are often widelydistributed and, therefore, can be viewed on a great variety of hardwareand software platforms.

For example, video displays or monitors being used to view an electronicdocument can vary in size, resolution, etc. Furthermore, varioussoftware platforms for viewing electronic documents have their owndisplay characteristics or differences. Also, each user or “reader” ofthe electronic document has his or her own personal viewing preferences,which should be accommodated, if possible.

Thus, due to aforementioned reasons, only a portion of a large documentmay be viewed at any one time. As such, it may be difficult to read anelectronic document in content flow order as only a portion of thedocument is shown at a time. In some computer display devices, a user isenabled to increment the amount of the document by advancing to aportion of the electronic document that follows a previously displayedportion of the document. However, in moving to a different portion ofthe electronic document, a user often loses focus of the point in thedocument that displays the new portion that was not previouslydisplayed.

Thus, a heretofore unaddressed need exists in the industry to addressthe aforementioned deficiencies and inadequacies.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and method forviewing electronic documents. Briefly described, one embodiment of thesystem, among others, includes an electronic viewer application todisplay contents of an electronic document and visual indicator logicconfigured to display at least one visual indicator on the electronicdisplay, each visual indicator indicating a portion of the contents thatare to be subsequently displayed on the electronic display in responseto a navigation command.

Embodiments of the present disclosure can also be viewed as providingmethods for viewing electronic documents on an electronic display. Inthis regard, one embodiment of such a method, among others, can bebroadly summarized by the following steps: displaying a portion of anelectronic document for viewing; and displaying at least one visualindicator, where each visual indicator indicates the portion of thedocument that is to be subsequently shown on the electronic display inresponse to a particular screen command.

Other systems, methods, features, and advantages of the presentdisclosure will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art uponexamination of the following drawings and detailed description. It isintended that all such additional systems, methods, features, andadvantages be included within this description and be within the scopeof the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Many aspects of the present disclosure can be better understood withreference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings arenot necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearlyillustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, in thedrawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding partsthroughout the several views.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic document display device inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a display screen showing displayedvisual representations from an electronic document in accordance withthe device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart describing a process for viewing documents inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIGS. 4-9 are diagrams illustrating a viewing session of an electronicdocument utilizing a visual indicator for a next screen command inaccordance with the device of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 10-13 are diagrams illustrating a viewing session of an electronicdocument utilizing a visual indicator for a previous screen command inaccordance with the device of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 14-15 are diagrams illustrating a viewing session of an electronicdocument utilizing multiple visual indicators for a previous screencommand and a next screen command in accordance with the device of FIG.1.

FIG. 16-18 are diagrams illustrating a viewing session of an electronicdocument utilizing visual indicators featuring shading in accordancewith the device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 19 is a flow chart describing one embodiment of a process forviewing an electronic document in accordance with the device of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 displays a block diagram of an electronic document display device100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The electronic displaydevice 100 includes a processor 120, memory 130, a visual output devicesuch as computer monitor 145, and one or more additional input and/oroutput (I/O) devices 160 (or peripherals) that are communicativelycoupled via a local interface 180. These peripherals may be coupled tothe processor 120 by electronic interfaces including input/output I/Oports, direct memory access (DMA) circuitry, registers, etc. which havenot been included in the block diagram of FIG. 1 because such interfacesare well known to those skilled in the art.

The local interface 180 can be, for example but not limited to, one ormore buses or other wired or wireless connections, as those skilled inthe art will appreciate. The local interface 180 may have additionalelements, which are omitted for simplicity, such as controllers, buffers(caches), drivers, repeaters, and receivers, to enable communications.Further, the local interface may include address, control, and/or dataconnections to enable appropriate communications among theaforementioned components.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the processor 120 is a hardwaredevice for executing software, particularly that stored in memory 140.The processor 120 can be any custom made or commercially availableprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), an auxiliary processor amongseveral processors associated with the display device 100, asemiconductor based microprocessor (in the form of a microchip or chipset), a macroprocessor, or generally any device for executing softwareinstructions. Examples of suitable commercially availablemicroprocessors are as follows: a PA-RISC series microprocessor fromHewlett-Packard Company, an 80x86 or Pentium series microprocessor fromIntel Corporation, a PowerPC microprocessor from IBM, a Sparcmicroprocessor from Sun Microsystems, Inc, or a 68xxx seriesmicroprocessor from Motorola Corporation.

A screen indicator system 110 of the present disclosure can beimplemented in software (e.g., firmware), hardware, or a combinationthereof. In one embodiment, the system is implemented in software, as anexecutable program, and is executed by a special or general purposedigital computer, such as a personal computer (PC; IBM-compatible,Apple-compatible, or otherwise), workstation, minicomputer, or mainframecomputer. As such, the screen indicator system 110, in some embodiments,is a source program, executable program (object code), script, or anyother entity comprising a set of instructions to be performed. When asource program, then the program needs to be translated via a compiler,assembler, interpreter, or the like, which may or may not be includedwithin the memory 140 so as to operate properly in connection with theO/S 122. Furthermore, the screen indicator system 110 can be written as(a) an object oriented programming language, which has classes of dataand methods, or (b) a procedure programming language, which hasroutines, subroutines, and/or functions, for example but not limited to,C, C++, Pascal, Basic, Fortran, Cobol, Perl, Java, and Ada. Inaccordance with the present disclosure, the screen indicator system 110may reside within storage on a local device or remotely accessibleacross a network.

If the electronic display device 100 is a PC, workstation, personaldigital assistant, or the like, the software in the memory 140 mayfurther include a basic input output system (BIOS) (omitted forsimplicity). The BIOS is a set of essential software routines thatinitialize and test hardware at startup, start the O/S 122, and supportthe transfer of data among the hardware devices. The BIOS is stored inROM so that the BIOS can be executed when the display device 110 isactivated.

The memory 140 can include any one or combination of volatile memoryelements (e.g., random access memory (RAM, such as DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM,etc.)) and nonvolatile memory elements (e.g., ROM, hard drive, tape,CDROM, etc.). Moreover, the memory 140 may incorporate electronic,magnetic, optical, and/or other types of storage media. Note that thememory 140 can have a distributed architecture, where various componentsare situated remote from one another, but can be accessed by theprocessor 120.

The software in memory 140 may include one or more separate programs,each of which comprises an ordered listing of executable instructionsfor implementing logical functions. In the example of FIG. 1, thesoftware in the memory 140 includes the screen indicator system 110 inaccordance with the present disclosure, an electronic document viewerapplication 115, and a suitable operating system (O/S) 122. Anonexhaustive list of examples of suitable commercially availableoperating systems 122 is as follows: (a) a Windows operating systemavailable from Microsoft Corporation; (b) a Netware operating systemavailable from Novell, Inc.; (c) a Macintosh operating system availablefrom Apple Computer, Inc.; (d) a UNIX operating system, which isavailable for purchase from many vendors, such as the Hewlett-PackardCompany, Sun Microsystems, Inc., and AT&T Corporation; (e) a LINUXoperating system, which is freeware that is readily available on theInternet; (f) a run time Vxworks operating system from WindRiverSystems, Inc.; or (g) an appliance-based operating system, such as thatimplemented in handheld computers or personal data assistants (PDAs)(e.g., PalmOS available from Palm Computing, Inc., and Windows CEavailable from Microsoft Corporation). The operating system 122essentially controls the execution of other computer programs, such asthe next screen indicator system 110, and provides scheduling,input-output control, file and data management, memory management, andcommunication control and related services.

The I/O devices 160 may include input devices, for example but notlimited to, a keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, etc. Furthermore,the I/O devices 160 may also include output devices, for example but notlimited to, a printer, display, etc. Finally, the I/O devices 160 mayfurther include devices that communicate both inputs and outputs, forinstance but not limited to, a modulator/demodulator (modem; foraccessing another device, system, or network), a radio frequency (RF) orother transceiver, a telephonic interface, a bridge, a router, etc. Oneinput device 160 of the present disclosure includes a keyboard and anelectro-mechanical or optical mouse. The input device 160 can be used toinput information which is acted upon by the processor 120 to control acursor or other pointer on a computer display, such as a computermonitor 145. Other pointer mechanisms such as trackballs, electronicpens, input tablets, joystick, touch pad, arrow keyboard controls, etc.are considered to be equivalents of the mouse.

The monitor 145 is coupled to the processor 120 and includes a screenupon which an image can be displayed. Among others, the monitor 145 maybe a raster-type device (such as a video monitor or a liquid-crystaldisplay panel) having a matrix of picture elements or “pixels” which canbe selectably activated to create the image.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a display screen 210 (of an electronicdisplay device 100) showing displayed visual representations from anelectronic document 220. The display screen 210 shows a displayed pageor document representation 220 derived from data received fromdocuments, such as, but not limited to, a portable electronic document.Page representation 220 is displayed on the screen in a view window 230by an electronic document viewer 115 from objects stored in the portableelectronic document, and may be derived from rendered bitmaps as is wellknown to those skilled in the art. An electronic document viewer(“viewer”) 115 running on electronic display device 100 may displaycontents of a portable electronic document. The data representing thecontent is requested by the viewer 115 and received from a storagedevice or other computer. The viewer 115 may also offer features such asselection buttons or icons 240 that are selectable by a pointer device,such as a mouse, keyboard, etc. These features allow a user tomanipulate the received data and view the page data according to userpreferences. For example, selection buttons 240 similarly allow a userto view or manipulate the document in different ways by zooming,selecting the next page of the portable electronic document, etc. Otherviewers and file formats can be used in other embodiments.

Page representation 220 can include several different types of visualrepresentations, including text, graphics, images, and links Text (notshown) is derived from character codes and font objects stored in thedocument file. Text can be rendered into a bitmap for display on screen210, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Graphics (not shown)can also be rendered from coded shape primitives, such as lines andrectangles, and displayed. Images (not shown) include bitmap images,such as a scanned or digitized picture, and can be displayed on screen210 by methods well known to those skilled in the art. Links (not shown)portray a topic or idea that can be accessed by the user and, forexample, can enclose special text, graphics, or images to distinguishthem from normal objects. Links may be selected by the user to display adifferent portion of the portable electronic document that is related tothe topic or idea portrayed by the link. Also, links can be linked toother electronic documents that include the topic represented by thelink to provide access to those other documents. For example, on manyexisting network services, links to many different documents availableon the network are included in electronic documents.

The viewer 110 determines the font, size, color, or other appropriateinformation for each object to be displayed by examining the associatedfont objects, color maps, size, and other information in the electronicdocument. In a process of displaying contents of document file, thedocument file may be located on a separate host computer.

An exemplary embodiment allows a user to view an electronic document ona display device of a computer. To do so, a first process involvesaccepting the input of commands for displaying portion(s) of electronicdocument in accordance with display settings. Then, a second process isperformed in response to current display settings and the portion of theelectronic document being displayed. This process involves indicatingwhat portion of the electronic document that is currently beingdisplayed will be displayed in a following screen of content. A screenof content may generally be regarded as the content this is displayed ona screen at one time with respect to current display settings.

During operation, document viewer 115 allows the user to selectdocuments for viewing (and other possible viewer options, including,editing, printing, etc.). In FIG. 3, a process 300 for viewing documentsbegins at block 310. In block 310, a selection of a document for viewingis received from a user. Then, in block 320, the document is opened andviewed on an electronic document display device 100. Next, the documentis displayed (330) in accordance to adjustable display settings. Forexample, a document that is opened in a default or “normal view” may beallowed to remain in this view by a user. Alternatively, a user maychange the view to a user's likening or preference. For example, if sizeof the text of a document is too small, a user can enlarge the text byutilizing a zoom or magnification feature provided on viewer 115. As aresult, the document or a portion of the document is displayed inaccordance with the chosen settings or view, as referenced in block 330.

Further, a location on the screen for placing a visual indicator isdetermined (335) (e.g., calculating the location of the screen where thetop of the next screen of content and the bottom of the previous screenof content resides), and a visual indicator is displayed on thedisplayed portion of the document to indicate the portion(s) of theelectronic document that are to be shown on the screen in response to aparticular screen or navigation command, as shown in block 340.

Generally, a screen command is a command that prompts a differentportion of an electronic document to be displayed. For example, one typeof screen command is a next screen command. With a next screen command,a portion of content that follows a currently displayed portion ofcontent within an electronic document is displayed. In some embodiments,for example, if the display screen for the electronic display device 100allows for 20 lines of text to be displayed, then a viewer 115 shiftsthe content of the document being displayed 20 lines of text in responseto receiving a next screen command. However, in some embodiments, aviewer may be configured to not display content from more than one pageat the same time, so the amount of content that is displayed may also belimited by other display characteristics or settings. Additional ways tonavigate, scroll, or “page” through a document in one embodiment of thedocument viewer 115 are to use direction buttons in a toolbar of theviewer 115, such as “Last Page,” “Previous Page,” “Next Page,” and“First Page.” Also, the Page Up and Page Down keys on a conventionalkeyboard may display the next or previous screen of content respectivelyof the document. Each of these aforementioned commands may be regardedas different types of screen or navigation commands, in differentembodiments.

The amount of content that is displayable within confines of a displayscreen depends upon formatting of the document, user preferences, anddisplay settings. For example, within a document, hard breaks areincluded and created at the time the document is authored. For example,in a novel comprising multiple chapters, hard page breaks may beindicated at the beginning of each chapter. That is, despite any changesin formatting of the text of the novel, there is usually a break in thetext at the boundaries of each chapter. Therefore, a document viewer 115that is configured to display no more than one page of content at a timedoes not display any content on a screen after a hard break thatdelineates the end of a page of information.

An electronic document in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure includes content that includes data necessary toreproduce text and images of the document. Further, in one embodiment,formatting tags are included in the electronic document and are used tocontrol the manner in which the content itself is formatted for display.For example, formatting tags comprise Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)codes or tags, as known in the art.

Some embodiments are also directed to displaying content from otherelectronic documents, such as a text file or a “portable electronicdocument,” among others. A portable electronic document is a collectionof data which includes objects which have been stored in a portableelectronic document language. The document is organized and stored in a“document file”, which can be a storage unit such as a file, datastructure, or the like.

Portable electronic documents can be stored in a variety of differentlanguages and formats. Herein, the portable electronic document isdescribed with reference to the Portable Document Format (PDF) by AdobeSystems, Inc. of Mountain View, Calif., or similar types of formats. PDFis a “page-based” format, in that a document includes a number of pagesand may be presented to a user on a page-by-page basis, e.g., the userviews one page (or a portion of a page) at a time on a display screen.Other document formats with or without similar document structures canalso be adapted for use with the present disclosure. Accordingly, withsuch formats, a page of content may extend across one or more displayscreens of content. In other words, a page of content may be too largeto be shown in its entirety on a screen of a display device 100 at onetime. Therefore, the content is shown in parts or “more than one screen”of content on the display device 100. Accordingly, to view theelectronic document, a user moves from one screen of content to the nextscreen of content. Likewise, a user may also move from the currentscreen to a “previous screen” that displays content that is locatedbefore the current screen of content within the electronic document.

In accordance with the one embodiment of the present disclosure, adocument viewer 115 is configured to show a page of content of theelectronic document at a time. Therefore, if the display settings areproperly configured (e.g., magnification is set at 100%), a page of theelectronic document may be viewable on the display device. Accordingly,using a next page command (which directs the viewer 115 to displaycontent from a subsequent page of the document) may be adequate if theuser can view the whole page on the display screen before advancing toanother page. Although, even if a viewer 115 (such as a text editor)shows a whole page on a screen, the positioning of the document withinthe display of the viewer may drift from one screen of content to thenext. For example, it is generally considered inappropriate to display apage or screen of content such that a widow (the last line of aparagraph printed by itself at the top of the displayed content) ororphan (the first line of a paragraph printed by itself at the bottom ofthe displayed content) occurs on the subsequent page. Therefore, displaycharacteristics of a document viewer 115 may change from viewerapplication to viewer application and from page to page or screen toscreen of a single viewer application 115.

As another illustrative example, if three-quarters of a page iscurrently being displayed and a user uses a next page command, then theremaining quarter of the page is not displayed on the next screen ofcontent, because the viewer 115 skips it to show the content from thenext page. Alternatively, if a user uses a next screen command (thatdirects viewer 115 to show content following currently displayedcontent), the viewer shifts down a part of the page to show theremaining portion of the page that was not previously shown.

In some embodiments, when a next screen command is received, the nextpage of the document is shown on the display screen. However, if thedisplay settings are configured such that less than a page of content isviewable on the screen (e.g., magnification is set at 120%), when a nextscreen command is received, the remaining portion of the content fromthe same page is then displayed. So, a page of content is displayed overseveral screens of content. Further, even if content displayed on ascreen includes portions from more than one page, the top of the contentshown on a screen may repeat content from a previous screen that hasalready been viewed and may do so intermittently.

For an electronic document that is presented for reading on anelectronic device (PC, PDA, PDF client, web browser client, text editor,TIF viewers, etc.), a user generally desires to view more of thecontents of the document being displayed currently on the display. Thus,at some point, a user desires to move to another screen of content,whether a previous screen or a next screen. However, when the portion ofa document being displayed moves to a next screen, a user often losesfocus or his or her positioning within the document, whether a userutilizes the option of a hand-style cursor tool, scroll bar, “elevatorshaft” or vertical bar, next page GUI tool, page down button onkeyboard, scroll wheel on mouse, etc. to progress through the document.Further, as a user scrolls horizontally to view displayed content thatexceeds the width of the screen, the user may also lose focus.

Thus, in accordance with the present disclosure, it is advantageous tohave a visual indicator demonstrate how the document is subsequentlygoing to be displayed in response to implementation of a particularscreen command (e.g., a next screen command) by a viewer 115. To do so,the document viewer 115 performs calculations to determine thepositioning of the document in relation to viewing window 230 within thedisplay screen, and places a visual indicator to indicate where the topof content for the next screen is to be within the viewing window 230.For example, in one embodiment, all of the or a portion of the contentsof the electronic document are loaded into a memory buffer of thedocument viewer 115, such that content not currently being displayed maybe referenced to determine the positioning of the document in responseto a particular navigation command.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the document viewer 115 positionsthe visual indicator by anticipating a particular screen command andmonitors and updates the position of the visual indicator for changes indisplay views and settings. For example, if a user scrolls down adocument that is being displayed a couple of lines, then the visualindicator may move down a couple of lines also. However, if thescrolling down of the document results in the bottom of the current pageto be shown, then the visual indicator may not move, since completelynew content would be displayed in response to a next screen command, andthus the visual indicator remains positioned at the bottom of the screencontent regardless of the scrolling within the same page.

Referring now to FIG. 4, a diagram illustrating a viewing session of anelectronic document utilizing a visual indicator is shown. In FIG. 4, avisual indicator 410 is used to point to the top of a portion of arepresentation 220 of an electronic document being displayed thatcorresponds to the position (or close to the position) of the portion(e.g., next line) of the document that is to be displayed for aparticular screen command. In this particular example, the visualindicator 410 is associated with a next screen command.

The visual indicator 410 points to the line of a document portion whichwill also be displayed in the view window 230 of the document viewer 115in response to receiving a particular screen command. The visualindicator 410 is provided so that readers do not lose their place when anew portion of the document is displayed in the view window 230 inresponse to a particular screen command. Therefore, the visual indicator410 minimizes the problem of having readers searching for the next lineof text to read in an article after a new document portion is displayedin the view window 230.

In the example of FIG. 4, the visual indicator 410 is a line (or bar)that delineates and partially frames the portion of the document that isto be repeated on the screen if a next screen command is received. Asshown, the bar 410 indicates what portion of the current content (e.g.,“13. Springfield, Ill. 14. Indianapolis, Ind.”) that is to be displayedif the user “screens down” the contents of the document utilizing a nextscreen command.

Therefore, a user in reading the contents shown in FIG. 4 would knowwhere to stop reading in the current screen to pick up the next line ofcontent in the next screen. Accordingly, FIG. 5 shows the screencontents in response to a next screen command that is received and actedupon by the viewer 115.

As indicated in the previous screen shown in FIG. 4, the screen ofcontent shown in FIG. 5 begins with the content (e.g., “13. Springfield,Ill. 14. Indianapolis, Ind.”) indicated by the visual indicator 410displayed in FIG. 4. For the screen content currently being displayed inFIG. 5, the visual indicator 410 indicates that none of the currentlydisplayed content is to be repeated in a subsequent screen in responseto a next screen command. As previously explained, some viewers areconfigured to prohibit displaying of content from multiple pages at onetime on a screen. Therefore, in the example of FIG. 5, since contentfrom the bottom of the page is being shown, none of the content is to berepeated when content from the following page is shown in response to anext screen command.

Correspondingly, FIG. 6 shows screen content that results from a nextscreen command received by the viewer 115, while the content of FIG. 5is being shown. In this example, the visual indicator shows that thenext screen of content is to start with the displayed content startingat “4. Harrisburg, Pa.” Accordingly, FIG. 7 displays the screen contentafter receiving the next screen command, which starts with the linecontaining “4. Harrisburg, Pa.” Again, since the content shown in FIG. 7includes the content of the bottom of this page, the visual indicatorindicates that none of the displayed content is to be repeated inresponse to a next screen command. FIGS. 8 and 9 provide an additionalexample where most of the content displayed in FIG. 8 is repeated on thescreen of FIG. 9 in response to a next screen command, since the contentof FIG. 8 showed most, but not all, of the content at the bottom of thepage (“page 3”) of the document being displayed.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are capable of being utilizedregardless of whether a document is vector, bitmap, or text based.Viewers 115 of the present disclosure generally configure documentdisplays based upon screen and document parameters and can determineadvance positioning of a document in anticipation of receiving a screenor navigation command. Further, embodiments of visual indicators of thepresent disclosure are not limited to being associated with only onenavigation or screen command. For example, a visual indicator may beused to indicate the positioning of currently displayed text in responseto a previous screen command, or a page up command, etc. For example,FIGS. 10-13 illustrate a sample viewing session utilizing a visualindicator for a previous screen command.

With regard to FIG. 10, the visual indicator 420, as represented by abar framing a portion of the displayed content, indicates that theportion of the content above “13. Olympia, Wash.” is to be repeated onthe screen of the display device in response to a previous screencommand. Accordingly, FIG. 11 then shows the screen content that isdisplayed if the previous screen command is received and acted upon bythe viewer 115, which corresponds to the content indicated by the visualindicator 420 of FIG. 10.

In FIG. 11, the displayed content is that of a top of a page of adocument. Therefore, the visual indicator 420, in FIG. 11, indicatesthat none of the displayed content is to be repeated on a resultingscreen in response to a previous screen command. Note, in this example,it is assumed that the viewer 115 does not display content from multiplepages of the document at the same time on the display screen.

Next, FIG. 12 shows the content that results from a previous screencommand that is acted upon by the viewer for the screen content of FIG.11. In this example, the visual screen indicator 420 indicates that thecontent above “14. Indianapolis, Ind.” is to be repeated on the screenin response to a previous screen command, which is confirmed by thescreen content of FIG. 13.

Multiple visual indicators may also be displayed to facilitate viewingof electronic documents. For example, FIG. 14 shows screen contentutilizing two visual indicators, 410, 420. The visual indicator 420 atthe top is associated with a previous screen command, and the visualindicator 410 is associated with a next screen command, as previouslydescribed. Also, the screen content shown in FIG. 14 corresponds to thescreen content also of FIG. 5 and FIG. 12. Therefore, if a next screencommand is received and acted upon for the content displayed in FIG. 14,the displayed content will correspond to the displayed content of FIG. 6with the addition of two visual indicators being displayed instead ofjust one. Alternatively, if a previous screen command is received andacted upon for the content displayed in FIG. 14, the resulting displayedcontent will correspond to the screen content of FIG. 13 with theaddition of two visual indicators being displayed instead of just one.

It should be noted that there are a variety of ways of representing avisual indicator, and thus, such representations should not be limitedto the examples previously described in the figures. For example, FIG.15 is a diagram of a viewing session showing a “PS-” representation 420for the visual indicator of a previous screen command and a “NS-”representation 410 for the visual indicator of a next screen command.

As another example, FIG. 16 displays a shading representation 420 of avisual indicator for a previous screen command where the portioncontained in the transparent or semi-transparent shaded area is to berepeated on the display if the previous screen command is implemented.Correspondingly, FIG. 17 demonstrates a shading representation 410 of avisual indicator for a next screen command where the portion containedin the shading area is to be repeated on the display if the next screencommand is implemented.

Further, FIG. 18 demonstrates a viewing session utilizing both shadingtechniques of FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 for multiple visual indicators 410,420. In this example, the portion of the screen content not shaded isthe portion of the content that is to not to be displayed in asubsequent screen of content. Therefore, advantageously, a user mayfocus on reading the non-shaded content of consecutive screens to easilyavoid reading redundant portions of the document while viewing contentfrom screen to screen. Note, additional embodiments include differentvariations of the visual indicator representations (e.g., utilizinggeometric symbols, icons, etc.) and also include interactive options forthe visual indicators. For example, activation of the visual indicatorsmay be configured to computer mouse movement and control. For example,if a computer mouse in a particular area of the screen or interface(e.g., near a navigation toolbar), then a visual indicator is activatedand displayed. If the computer mouse moves out of the particular area,then the visual indicator is deactivated and not displayed. Further,activation of a visual indicator may be configured with timer settings,such that the visual indicator appears after a set amount of time aftera navigation or screen command is initiated.

Referring now to FIG. 19, a flow chart is shown describing oneembodiment of a process (1900) for viewing an electronic document.First, in block 1910, a portion of an electronic document is displayedfor viewing by a user. Further, at least one visual indicator is alsodisplayed, as shown in block 1920. Each displayed visual indicatorindicates the portion of the document that is to be subsequently shownon the electronic display in response to a particular screen command.Accordingly, a location on the screen for placing a visual indicator isdetermined (1925) and the positioning of each visual indicator isadjusted (1930) as the display of the document is adjusted in responseto changes in display settings. Also, at steps 1935-1940, a location onthe screen for placing a visual indicator is determined and thepositioning of each visual indicator is adjusted as display of thedocument is adjusted in response to navigation commands that are actedupon by a viewer 115.

When the screen indicator system 110 is implemented in software, as isshown in FIG. 1, it should be noted that the screen indicator system 110can be stored on any computer readable medium for use by or inconnection with any computer related system or method. In the context ofthis document, a computer readable medium is an electronic, magnetic,optical, or other physical device or means that can contain or store acomputer program for use by or in connection with a computer relatedsystem or method. The screen indicator system 110 can be embodied in anycomputer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instructionexecution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system,processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch theinstructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or deviceand execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a“computer-readable medium” can be any means that can store, communicate,propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with theinstruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computerreadable medium can be, for example but not limited to, an electronic,magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system,apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific examples (anonexhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include thefollowing: an electrical connection (electronic) having one or morewires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic), a random access memory(RAM) (electronic), a read-only memory (ROM) (electronic), an erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM, EEPROM, or Flash memory)(electronic), an optical fiber (optical), and a portable compact discread-only memory (CDROM) (optical). Note that the computer-readablemedium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which theprogram is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, viafor instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, thencompiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner ifnecessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

In an alternative embodiment, where the screen indicator system 110 isimplemented in hardware, the screen indicator system 110 can implementedwith any or a combination of the following technologies, which are eachwell known in the art: a discrete logic circuit(s) having logic gatesfor implementing logic functions upon data signals, an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC) having appropriate combinationallogic gates, a programmable gate array(s) (PGA), a field programmablegate array (FPGA), etc.

In some embodiments, the screen indicator system 110 is implemented insoftware and may be implemented as an auxiliary “plug-in” or “widget”which affects the display of documents generated by another program orapplication. For example, in such an approach, the screen indicatorsystem may transparently perform a screen down and a screen up operationfor a given page, then process the resulting display information todetermine where to position one or more visual indicators. Additionally,in some embodiments, the screen indicator system 110 may be incorporatedinto a software application, where the software application implements avisual indication as a part of a display management portion of thesoftware application. Further, in some embodiments, the screen indicatorsystem 110 may provide visual indicators showing the portion of thecontent of an electronic document that is to be shown in response to anavigation command to scroll content to the left or to the right withina display area, as may be useful with devices with small displays, suchas personal digital assistants (PDAs).

Any process descriptions or blocks in flow charts should be understoodas representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include oneor more executable instructions for implementing specific logicalfunctions or steps in the process, and alternate implementations areincluded within the scope of the present disclosure in which functionsmay be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, includingsubstantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on thefunctionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonablyskilled in the art of the present disclosure.

It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments of thepresent disclosure are merely possible examples of implementations,merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of thedisclosure. Many variations and modifications may be made to theabove-described embodiment(s) without departing substantially from thespirit and principles of the disclosure. All such modifications andvariations are intended to be included herein within the scope of thisdisclosure.

1. A system for viewing electronic documents on an electronic display,comprising: an electronic viewer application to display contents of anelectronic document; and a visual indicator logic for displaying a firstvisual indicator on the electronic display, the first visual indicatorindicating a portion of the contents which is currently being displayedthat will be displayed in a following screen of content in response to aselection of a next screen command, selection of the next screen commandcausing the portion of the contents which is currently being displayedand non-displayed content which follows the currently displayed portionof the contents to be shown.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the firstvisual indicator comprises a horizontal bar delineating the portion ofthe contents that is to be subsequently displayed in response to thenext screen command.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first visualindicator comprises an area of semi-transparent shading overlapping theportion of the contents that is to be subsequently displayed in responseto the next screen command.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the firstvisual indicator comprises a geometric symbol positioned near theportion of the contents that is to be subsequently displayed in responseto the next screen command.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the firstvisual indicator logic activates displaying of the first visualindicator in response to user command.
 6. The system of claim 5, whereinthe user command comprises movement of an input mouse control within aparticular area of the electronic display.
 7. A method for viewingelectronic documents on an electronic display, comprising: a computerdisplaying a portion of an electronic document for viewing on theelectronic display; and the computer displaying a first visual indicatorwithin the electronic display, the first visual indicator indicating aportion of document contents which is currently being displayed thatwill be displayed in a following screen of content in response to aselection of a next screen command, selection of the next screen commandcausing the portion of the document contents which is currently beingdisplayed and non-displayed document content which follows the currentlydisplayed portion of the document contents to be shown.
 8. The method ofclaim 7, further comprising: the computer adjusting positioning of thefirst visual indicator as display of the document is adjusted inresponse to changes in display settings.
 9. The method of claim 8,further comprising: the computer adjusting positioning of the firstvisual indicator as display of the document is adjusted in response toone or more navigation commands that are acted upon.
 10. The method ofclaim 7, wherein the first visual indicator comprises a horizontal bardelineating the portion of the document contents that is to besubsequently displayed in response to the next screen command.
 11. Themethod of claim 7, wherein the first visual indicator comprises an areaof semi-transparent shading overlapping the portion of the documentcontents that is to be subsequently displayed in response to the nextscreen command.
 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the first visualindicator comprises a geometric symbol positioned near the portion ofthe document contents that is to be subsequently displayed in responseto the next screen command.
 13. The method of claim 7, furthercomprising: the computer calculating a location of the display where atop of the next screen of document content will reside, wherein thefirst visual indicator is positioned at the location within the displayto indicate the portion of document contents which is currently beingdisplayed that will be displayed in a following screen of content inresponse to a selection of the next screen command.
 14. A computerreadable storage medium having a computer program for viewing electronicdocuments on an electronic display, the program having instructions forperforming: displaying a portion of an electronic document for viewingon the electronic display; and displaying a first visual indicatorwithin the electronic display, the first visual indicator indicating aportion of document contents which is currently being displayed thatwill be displayed in a following screen of content in response to aselection of a next screen command, selection of the next screen commandcausing the portion of the document contents which is currently beingdisplayed and non-displayed document content which follows the currentlydisplayed portion of the document contents to be shown.
 15. The computerreadable storage medium of claim 14, the program further performing:adjusting positioning of the first visual indicator as display of thedocument is adjusted in response to changes in display settings.
 16. Thecomputer readable storage medium of claim 15, the program furtherperforming: adjusting positioning of the first visual indicator asdisplay of the document is adjusted in response to one or morenavigation commands that are acted upon.
 17. The computer readablestorage medium of claim 14, wherein the first visual indicator comprisesa horizontal bar delineating the portion of the document contents thatis to be subsequently displayed in response to the next screen command.18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the firstvisual indicator comprises an area of semi-transparent shadingoverlapping the portion of the document contents that is to besubsequently displayed in response to the next screen command.
 19. Thecomputer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the first visualindicator comprises a geometric symbol positioned near the portion ofthe document contents that is to be subsequently displayed in responseto the next screen command.
 20. The computer readable storage medium ofclaim 14, the program further performing: calculating a location of thedisplay where a top of the next screen of document content will reside,wherein the first visual indicator is positioned at the location withinthe display to indicate the portion of document contents which iscurrently being displayed that will be displayed in a following screenof content in response to a selection of the next screen command.